The coronation has made many people think about what
it is to be British. It rightly represented and included people from all
backgrounds and faiths. We are all equally British citizens, and all equally
have the right to live here and live as we please within the law. We are all
also in some ways immigrants whether our ancestors came to Britain a long time
ago or a short time ago. But I have come to the conclusion that there is one
group of people who have a claim to be more British than any other. Unfortunately,
they may not like this, but it is nonetheless true. I am talking about the
Welsh.
The Welsh too were originally immigrants. They arrived
here at some point in the Bronze age or the Iron age and mixed with, supplanted
or destroyed the people who lived here originally of whom we know almost nothing
except the archaeology they left behind.
But there is no doubt that the people who lived in
Great Britain prior to the Roman conquest were essentially Welsh speaking. They
were the Ancient Britons who spoke Common Brittonic from which Welsh, Cornish,
Breton and the extinct Cumbric are derived. It is likely too that Pictish, the
language of the north of Scotland was also a form of Common Brittonic.
In ancient times the people living in Ireland spoke a Celtic
language too, but this was from what is now called the Goldeic branch of Celtic.
From this descends Manx, modern Irish and Scottish Gaelic.
The story of Great Britain is of an island that once spoke
a Common Brittonic language, but due to waves of immigration ceased to do so
and had its ancient language supplanted almost everywhere by English.
When the Queen of the Iceni Boudica rebelled against
the Roman invaders, she would have spoken to her people in a language that
became Welsh. When the leader of the Picts fought against those same Romans, he
would have spoken equally a language that became Welsh. When some centuries
later his successor fought against the invading Goldeic speaking Irish, he too
would have spoken a language that became Welsh.
Since then, Welsh has been pushed to the margins. It
was essentially destroyed in Scotland, being replaced first by the language
that became Scottish Gaelic, and then by English. The only remnants of Pictish
are a few place names with Brittonic prefixes Aber-, Cat-, Dol- and Pit-. Thus Aberfeldy,
Pitmedden and others.
The Scoti were not the inhabitants of Caledonia who
the Romans fought, but rather arrived some hundreds of years later. They were
all Celts but probably could not understand each other as their languages had
diverged too far.
Just as the Welsh/Brittonic were pushed to the margins
or destroyed in Scotland so too the arrival of the Angles and Saxons pushed
them still further westwards towards what is now Wales and Cornwall. Some of
the Brittonic people migrated further to modern day Brittany where they continued
to speak a language that originally was very similar to Welsh, but which again
diverged to become modern Breton.
The Ancient Britons/Welsh plus the Cornish and Cumbric
continued to fight against the Angles, Saxons, Normans and Vikings who came to
the island of Great Britain, but it was a losing battle. Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
wast the last king of Wales while Owain Glyndŵr rebelled against the invader
just like his ancestor Boudica, but ultimately failed.
Since then, the only people living in Great Britain
who can truly say they descend from the Ancient Britons are the Welsh. Cornish
died as a living language with its last native speaker in 1780.
Now this might just be of historical interest, but it
actually tells us something about ourselves. The language most of speak is not the
original language of Great Britain. We were one people. We had a common
language, but its descendant is only spoken in Wales and only by about 17% of
Welsh people, probably rather less as a native language and fluently.
Scottish Gaelic is just as much as English a non-native
language which supplanted the language that was spoken in Caledonia when the Romans
came. Scottish Gaelic descends from Middle Irish it does not descend from
Brittonic.
We should respect all of the languages that are spoken
in Britain. Whichever language you learn, whether it is Gaelic or Welsh, Polish
or Urdu, will enrich you the learner and give you opportunities to speak with
others and to think about life in a different way. A new language gives you a
new soul.
But I believe there is a case for singling out Welsh
for study. Just as modern Greeks learn ancient Greek and modern Italians learn
Latin, there is a good case for every British person whatever his or her background
to learn some of the language that was originally spoken here or at least its
modern descendant.
If it hadn’t been for the Romans, Angles, Saxons and Scoti
we would all in Great Britain be speaking Welsh. It’s something therefore that
we should celebrate as being not merely part of the heritage of Welsh people,
but part of the heritage of all British people.
Our greatest hero King Arthur was Welsh as was Boudica. So are we
all.
Mae hen wlad fy nhadau yn annwyl i mi [O Land of my
fathers, O land of my love]